CUP leaders applied all ten genocidal stages to Ottoman Armenians
Evidence
ANSWER KEY Classification “[An] early Christian identity has greatly influenced Armenian culture, setting it apart from most of its neighboring peoples.” Symbolization “Armenians were easily identified because they did not wear traditional Turkish clothes, lived in separate ‘neighborhoods,’ and attended church. Their rituals and traditions were obviously different from the Muslim Turks of the Ottoman Empire.” Discrimination “The Armenians were second-class citizens of the Ottoman Empire and while they were granted some freedoms, including the ability to practice Christianity, they were faced with extra taxes and discriminatory laws extending to their participation in the justice system, government, and their civil and property rights.” Dehumanization “Russians had advocated for Armenian reforms in the past and because the Russian army did have Armenians serving as soldiers, the Ottoman government was concerned that Ottoman Armenians might commit traitorous acts. This fear helped to fuel Turkish public sentiment against Armenians.” Organization “By the spring of 1915, leaders of the ruling party, the CUP, seized the opportunity of a world preoccupied by war to erase the Armenian presence from almost all Ottoman lands. The CUP was a triumvirate led by Mehmet Talaat, Ismail Enver, and Ahmed Jemal.” Polarization “The culprits of the Adana Massacre were never punished and after 1909, an extreme nationalist political movement promoting a policy of Pan-Turkism (“Turkey for the Turks”) gained backing from Turkish populations throughout the Ottoman Empire.” Preparation “Beginning on April 24, 1915 (now commemorated as the beginning of the Armenian genocide), Armenian civil leaders, intellectuals, doctors, businessmen, and artists were rounded up and killed. Once these leaders of the Armenian communities were killed, the genocide plan was put into motion throughout the empire.” Persecution ”… CUP leaders sent orders to province leaders to gather women and children and either load them onto trains headed for the Syrian Desert or lead them on forced marches into the desert. Embarking with little food and few supplies, women and children had little hope of survival.” Extermination “Within months, the Euphrates and Tigris rivers became clotted with the bodies of Armenian women and children, polluting the water supply for those who had not yet perished. Dysentery and other diseases were rampant and those who managed to survive the march found themselves in concentration camps.” Denial “Among a series of actions enacted to counter Armenian Genocide recognition and education, the Turkish government even passed a law in 2004 known as Article 305 which makes it a criminal offense, punishable by up to 10 years in prison, to discuss the Armenian Genocide.” — Gregory H. Stanton, Ten Stages of Genocide, 22
Categorization
- XREF: connects to: Classification and symbolization alone are human universals, not genocidal precursors; Impunity following the Adana Massacre fueled a nationalist Pan-Turkism movement — Gregory H. Stanton, Ten Stages of Genocide, 18; Killing community leaders preceded mass extermination across Ottoman lands — Gregory H. Stanton, Ten Stages of Genocide, 19 (+2 more)