Culture-specific indicators can satisfy universal necessary conditions in measurement.

Evidence

At the third level, we allow for culture variation in the filling of the requirements at the secondary level. Hence we have a structure with necessary and sufficient conditions at the secondary level and substitutability at the indicator/data level. I think that this particular structure is quite common and I will use it myself in reformulating the polity measure of democracy in chapter 4. — Gary Goertz, Social Science Concepts, 155

Categorization

• QUESTION: Is this hybrid structure (necessary+sufficient at level 2, substitutable at level 3) really “quite common,” or is that an assertion worth testing against coding schemes?
• XREF: Pays off the coercion-and-consent or substitutability discussion; also connects to the polity/democracy measure applied in chapter 4.