Cuban remittances flowed mostly to white families, perpetuating racial inequality under socialism

Evidence

Cubans fleeing Castro for Florida from the revolutionary moment until 1980 tended to be white(r) and wealthier, and remittances to family in Cuba thus tended to flow to those characteristically white(r), making for more elevated experiences in a supposedly egalitarian environment. This longstanding culture of anti-black Cuban racism factors also into accounting for the simmering tensions in Miami between Cuban and African-American communities. Even where socialist Cuba moved vigorously and to a considerable extent effectively to outlaw forms of racism, Afro-Cubans have suffered significantly poorer housing stock, are criminalized to a far greater degree, remain relatively underrepresented in government circles, and black women are more likely driven to sex-work than their white counterparts. — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1152

Categorization

• XREF: Resonates with the ‘Sacrifice’ article’s theme of how supposed egalitarian/redistributive systems conceal stratified violences.
• QUESTION: How did remittance flows shift after the 1980 Mariel and later waves of largely Afro-Cuban emigration?