Crusader martyrdom doctrine originated in borrowing from Muslim jihad

Evidence

To call a man who was simply killed in the course of fighting the enemies of the Church a martyr was to adopt the Muslim doctrine of jihad. This was not the idea which prevailed at the opening of the Crusading period; Urban at Clermont recommended death, in the Christian tradition, primarily as an end to the exile of this life; he did not refer explicitly to the hope of martyrdom, but took it for granted that Crusaders who died would be saved. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 1777

Categorization

• XREF: Complicates the vault’s binary West-vs-Islam construction: here the Crusaders’ own ‘martyrdom’ concept is genealogically indebted to the Muslim idea of jihad, i.e. the boundary-crossing is at the very source of the supposed opposition.