Corruption reached Egyptian military medical corps despite state control

Evidence

See the case of the eighty-five doctors who accepted bribes from the locals to forge vaccination certificates for them: S/3/122/2, pp. 61-3, letters 11-96, all dated 26 Ca 1263/13 May 1847. — Khaled Fahmy, All the Pasha_s Men_ Mehmed Ali, his…, 1264

Categorization

• XREF: Supports Fahmy’s larger argument that the army’s reach exceeded its actual control — matches contrapuntal thread of resistance from earlier chapters.
• QUESTION: Were these bribes a survival strategy by the locals, or professional corruption by doctors? Both readings are possible.