Corporations hiring under affirmative action showed no productivity harm

Evidence

A little research provides evidence about the economic effects of affirmative action policies on African Americans (and/or white women) and on the corporations that hire them (Leonard, 1984a, 1984b, 1986, 1990; Heckman and Wolpin, 1976; Heckman and Payner, 1989; Badgett and Hartmann, 1995; Holzer and Neumark, 1999; Holzer, 1998; Rodgers and Spriggs, 1996). — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 1973

Categorization

• SEED: The repeated negative finding on productivity harm — a claim repeatedly rebutted but never clearly supported — could anchor a short essay on how empirical questions get settled in policy debate.