Corporal punishment predicts harmful outcomes in every studied culture including Kenya

Evidence

Lansford’s 2005 Child Development article — “Cultural Normativeness as a Moderator of the Link Between Physical Discipline and Children’s Adjustment: A Comparison of China, India, Italy, Kenya, Philippines, and Thailand” — documents the cross-cultural finding that corporal correction predicts adverse child-adjustment outcomes across all studied cultures, including the Kenyan sample. — , The Rod and the Child, 4499

Categorization

• XREF: The cross-cultural consistency finding counters the chapter’s ‘African children are different’ defense — echoes themes from the broader child-development literature. — connects to: Spanking’s harms persist across all ages, sexes, races, and study designs — , The Rod and the Child: A Global History…, 6472; Cultural normativeness moderates but never eliminates corporal punishment’s harm — , The Rod and the Child: A Global History…, 6575; The stress response to corporal punishment is biologically invariant across cultures — , The Rod and the Child: A Global History…, 6565 (+2 more)