Contempt for a distant group was redirected onto familiar, educated members of it.

Evidence

Berlin society left the Jewish salons with unmatched rapidity, and by 1808 these meeting-places had already been supplanted by the houses of the titled bureaucracy and the upper middle class. One can see, from any of the numerous correspondences of the time, that the intellectuals as well as the aristocrats now began to direct their contempt for the Eastern European Jews, whom they hardly knew, against the educated Jews of Berlin, whom they knew very well. The latter would never again achieve the self-respect that springs from a collective consciousness of being exceptional; henceforth, each one of them had to prove that although he was a Jew, yet he was not a Jew. — Hannah Arendt, The Origins of Totalitarianism, 207

Categorization

• XREF: The ‘prove you are not one of them’ demand recurs directly in contemporary discourse about assimilated Muslims and visible Muslims — the same double-bind structure.