Consonants differ from vowels in intensity, context-dependence, and articulation constriction

Evidence

Consonant sounds of a language contrast to vowels by being, in general, less intense, more context-dependent (more coarticulated), and produced with a more constricted vocal tract or by special sound-generation mechanisms. — Ville Pulkki, Matti Karjalainen, Communication Acoustics- An…, 576

Categorization

• DEFINE: Defines consonants by contrast to vowels across three acoustic-articulatory dimensions.