Conservative parties also ran closed forms of total mass organization

Evidence

From rural women’s associations in Bavaria to Vrouw and Maatschappij (Woman and Society), a Christian democratic organization in Flanders, and the Primrose League in Britain, conservative parties practiced a similarly closed form of mass political organization. “Everything was Catholic in the experience of a Catholic,” a Dutch journalist recalled of her upbringing, “and one was a Christian twenty-four hours a day.” — Anton Jäger, Hyperpolitics, 125