Columbia housed the exiled Institute without granting it formal affiliation.

Evidence

Although the Institute of Social Research had never made any efforts to achieve serious co-operation with the professors at Columbia, and had remained a closed book to even the most well disposed of them, as a member of the Institute Marcuse was not approaching them merely as an individual. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1230 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Columbia’s terms were a loose affiliation with full Institute autonomy, not absorption.; The Institute remained socially isolated from Columbia’s professoriate despite its relocation there — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 1230

Broader Connections

• Columbia’s terms were a loose affiliation with full Institute autonomy, not absorption. #expands (0.85)
• The Institute remained socially isolated from Columbia’s professoriate despite its relocation there #expands (0.80) — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 1230