Colors are not properties of objects but of perceptual processes, and one proposal identifies them with physical ‘spectral surface reflectance.‘

Evidence

The Reality of Color Is Perception (Nautilus)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: White is the most inferior of colors of morals of superiority. It follows that whiteness is the lack of characteristics that make a theme and give it its facets of colors. ; Two gray squares with identical reflectance appear different shades because one lies in cast shadow, showing perceived lightness does not track spectral reflectance. — Adelson’s Checker-Shadow Illusion - The Illusions Index; There is generally no fixed relation between spectral distribution and perceived color, though a surface does have a determinable color under fixed viewing conditions. — What Color is it? (+5 more)

Related

• There is generally no fixed relation between spectral distribution and perceived color, though a surface does have a determinable color under fixed viewing conditions. (similarity 0.93)
• In visual perception a color is almost never seen as it physically is, making color the most relative medium in art. (similarity 0.92)
• Spectral reflectance does not determine perceived color, since any achromatic paper can be made to appear any shade of white, gray, or black, the physics of reflectance diverging from color… (similarity 0.92)
• Two gray squares with identical reflectance appear different shades because one lies in cast shadow, showing perceived lightness does not track spectral reflectance. (similarity 0.90)
• Philosophers examine whether whiteness is a color at all, distinguishing the physics of spectral reflectance from the perception of color, a divide that determines whether white counts as ‘a… (similarity 0.86)
• Newton subscribed to the doctrine that physical objects do not actually have the colors we ordinarily take them to possess, treating color as a sensation rather than a property of objects. (similarity 0.86)
• White and black are also colors, with Newton himself noting ‘The first of all simple colours is White, though philosophers will not acknowledge either White or Black to be colours.’ (similarity 0.82)
• White is ‘the unblemished marker of purity’ and ‘the ideal foil — the contrast against which all other colors look more vibrant,’ while standing in stark opposition to black. (similarity 0.82)
• White has special status among colors, experienced as achromatic or an absence of hue, and its perception is not explained by a simple null point of cone-opponent mechanisms but involves… (similarity 0.82)
• Perceived white reflects a response norm that varies with adaptation, and individual differences in perceived white shrink when observers share a common white adapting stimulus — the white point… (similarity 0.81)
• Opponent channels must be calibrated to the average color of the scene (von Kries adaptation), which discounts illuminant changes and is an initial component of color constancy. (similarity 0.80)
• Because of adaptation, observers exposed to different environments should perceive color in significantly and systematically different ways, including differences in achromatic settings. (similarity 0.80)
• Newton states ‘Whiteness and all grey Colours between white and black, may be compounded of Colours, and the whiteness of the Sun’s Light is compounded of all the primary Colours mixt in a due… (similarity 0.80)
• White, physically, is light seen when all visible wavelengths combine; lacking hue, it is considered an achromatic color. (similarity 0.79)
• White perception can also arise from mixing just a few wavelengths, such as red, green and blue, or a pair of complementary colors like blue and yellow (similarity 0.78)