Colonial powers confronted nationalism built around westernized elite African figures.

Evidence

P. B. Harris suggested: “What colonial powers experienced (and for the large part did not like) was elite nationalism, that is a nationalism built around some powerful westernised African figure, an Nkrumah, a Kenyatta, a Leopold Senghor.” — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 2127

Categorization

• XREF: Ties to the book’s argument about how colonial powers created a westernized elite cadre, a theme developed in surrounding chapter content.