Colonial-origin migrants face racialized exclusion across all western European societies

Evidence

Today, they and their offspring constitute about 7 percent of the British population. However, they already constitute 25 percent of the population of London and some other cities, reflecting the selective density of settlement. They have been subjected to all the effects of social exclusion, racialized disadvantage, and informal and institutionalized racism, which is typical across western Europe today in the face of similar processes affecting France, Spain, Portugal, Germany, Italy, and Greece. — Stuart Hall, Essential Essays, Volume 2, 328

Categorization

• XREF: Provides comparative groundwork for how Islamophobia readings generalize beyond Britain to Europe-wide exclusionary dynamics.