Colonial officials suspended coolie-protection edicts and imposed pass systems amid unrest

Evidence

Four, he requests authorization to send coolies back to their masters (contra the Procurer- General’s edict) to curtail the presence of ex-coolies roaming outside the estates. And finally, in the interests of “peace and order,” he requests that the planters issue a curfew for workers, keep reliable guards in the coolie barracks all night, and enforce a pass system allowing only those with letters of permission to enter the plantation belt. — Ann Laura Stoler, Along the Archival Grain_ Epistemic…, 1221