Colonial ethnographers’ racial classifications directly governed land, funds, and schooling for Sudanese.

Evidence

For example, when his influential works were published, MacMichael was the district commissioner of Kordofan and responsible for settling tribal land claims, distributing government funds, and supervising the secular education of young Sudanese within his jurisdiction. His conclusions about the identities of the Sudanese played a large role in how they were included by his government. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 838

Categorization

• XREF: Core to the reader’s project: identity scholarship becoming political reality is how coloniality operated differently in Sudan than Egypt.