Colonial bureaucratization absorbed shari’a courts into the modernizing state apparatus

Evidence

The bureaucratization of the shari¯‘a courts (that is, the introduction of an appellate system, a new emphasis on documentation in judicial procedure as well as the authorization of written codes) drew on Western principles and incorporated the shari¯‘a into the modernizing state. — Talal Asad, Formations of the Secular, 1003

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the narrative of state administrative rationalization (Weber/Scott). ‘High Modernism’ from Seeing Like a State — documentation emphasis, written codes, appellate structure. — connects to: Legislatures expanded into fields courts once exclusively governed — Lawrence M. Friedman and Grant M. Hayden, American Law: An Introduction, 455