Colonial bureaucracies massively employed indigenes but maintained hierarchy

Evidence

To give only one example: by 1928, there were almost 250,000 indigenes on the payroll of the Netherlands East Indies, and these formed 90% of all state functionaries. (Symptomatically, the widely discrepant salaries and pensions of Dutch and native officials, when combined, ate up 50% of state expenditures!). … Yet Dutchmen were proportionately nine times as thick on the bureaucratic ground as were Englishmen in British (non-‘native state’) India. — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, 490

Categorization

• QUESTION: The ‘nine times as thick’ Dutch-vs-British ratio is a striking quantified comparison worth chasing the original source on.
• XREF: connects to: Imperial administration channeled metropolitan middle classes into colonial careers — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on…, 364; Colonial bureaucracies did not extend European absolutist career rationality overseas — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities: Reflections on…, 226; Colonial rule runs on force and manufactures a servile local elite — Aimé Césaire, Discourse on Colonialism, 50

Related

• Colonial bureaucracies did not extend European absolutist career rationality overseas (similarity 0.81)

Broader Connections

• Colonial bureaucracies did not extend European absolutist career rationality overseas #qualifies (0.82) — Benedict Anderson, Imagined Communities, 226