Coal operators imported strikebreakers to defeat unionized native workers

Evidence

For a decade after 1865, strikes, lockouts, and suspensions prevailed everywhere in the region, punctuated by the imdustrial violence of the Molly Maguires. … The coal operators, already harried by chaotic overproduction, pitilessly counterattacked. Some of them began in the 1870’s to bring in more docile laborers from Hungary and Italy. — John Higham, Strangers in the Land, 274

Categorization

• QUESTION: This is a key mechanism case in the solidarity research: employers deliberately manufacturing the incoming ‘enemy’ class to break worker solidarity. Worth chasing whether this pattern generalizes.
• XREF: connects to: Marginalized native workers displaced by deindustrialization turn racism against immigrants — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3153; Capitalists deploy racism to fracture labor movements into competing factions — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 960; Employers broke coast-wide strikes through division, strikebreaking, and fomenting racism

Broader Connections

• Employers broke coast-wide strikes through division, strikebreaking, and fomenting racism #expands (0.85)
• Capitalists deploy racism to fracture labor movements into competing factions #expands (0.80) — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 960
• Marginalized native workers displaced by deindustrialization turn racism against immigrants #expands (0.75) — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3153