Classification and symbolization alone are human universals, not genocidal precursors

Evidence

Race is not unique as a category of difference. Gender, class, age, nationality, and culture have all been invoked to capture, and in many cases explain, difference. This process is not benign. It involves “othering,” which is used to justify subordinate status, unequal treatment, to structure oppression and exploitation in numerous ways. — Michael Omi, Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the United States, 28 (#contradicts, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: CUP leaders applied all ten genocidal stages to Ottoman Armenians — Gregory H. Stanton, Ten Stages of Genocide, 22; Classifying humans by attributes is universal but never benign — Michael Omi, Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the United States, 28; Multiplying human classifications overwhelmed the Christian-versus-other distinction (+3 more)

Related

• Classifying humans by attributes is universal but never benign (similarity 0.90)
• Classification and symbolization alone do not cause genocide (similarity 0.82)

Broader Connections

• Classifying humans by attributes is universal but never benign #contradicts (0.90) — Michael Omi, Howard Winant, Racial Formation in the United States, 28
• Merely labeling people with arbitrary categories enables essentialist explanations #contradicts (0.85)
• Classification enables thought but does not itself constitute understanding. #expands (0.80)
• Multiplying human classifications overwhelmed the Christian-versus-other distinction #qualifies (0.75)
• People label themselves ideologically via differing symbolic attachments, not a shared spectrum #complicates (0.75)