Chord consonance is maximized when singers’ fundamentals are integer-related harmonics

Evidence

The dissonance of the chord in each case is related to the entries in the final column, which indicate increased dissonance in the order C, c, d and D; it can be seen that the dissonance increases as the harmonic number increases and the musical interval decreases. — David M. Howard, Jamie Angus, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics, 998 (#complicates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Musical scales universally favor intervals with small integer frequency ratios; Harmonic tones are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency — Jennifer Lentz, Psychoacoustics- Perception of Normal…, 1180; Musical intervals trace directly to harmonic-series frequency ratios (+3 more)

Related

• Chord dissonance rises as harmonic number increases and interval shrinks (similarity 0.91)
• Musical intervals between adjacent harmonics shrink as harmonic number rises (similarity 0.89)
• Chord consonance is computed from individual harmonic proximity across the notes (similarity 0.87)
• Consonance perception depends on harmonics up to about the seventh (similarity 0.86)
• Musical intervals trace directly to harmonic-series frequency ratios (similarity 0.85)
• Simple integer frequency ratios produce local consonance maxima between tones (similarity 0.84)
• Interval dissonance increases with position higher in the harmonic series (similarity 0.83)
• The same musical interval’s dissonance changes with pitch register (similarity 0.83)
• Interval consonance ranking derives from critical-bandwidth proximity between harmonics (similarity 0.83)
• Simple integer frequency ratios between notes produce the greatest measured consonance (similarity 0.83)
• Dissonance depends on musical interval, not a fixed beat rate across frequencies (similarity 0.83)
• Harmonic tones are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency (similarity 0.82)
• Simple integer frequency ratios minimize partial interference and thus dissonance (similarity 0.82)
• Harmonics up to the seventh drive perceived consonance of complex-tone chords (similarity 0.81)
• Adjacent harmonics in the natural series produce progressively smaller musical intervals (similarity 0.80)

Broader Connections

• Chord dissonance rises as harmonic number increases and interval shrinks #complicates (0.85) — David M. Howard, Jamie Angus, Acoustics and Psychoacoustics, 998