Catholic lay movements were suppressed and later reborn as mass political parties.

Evidence

Modernism’s concern was with the relationship of the Church to state and society rather than with theological questions as such, and its main ideological contribution was the theory of “Christian Democracy”—a term which is, for this period, to be understood literally. The Modernist/Christian-Democrat movement was suppressed under the pontificate of Pius X (1903-14) but re emerged with Sturzo and the Partito Popolare in 1918. — Antonio Gramsci, Selections from the Prison Notebooks, 2472