Catastrophic conflict can rest on visible or cultural difference.

Evidence

[T]he most momentous and catastrophic forms of ethnic conflict in some cases rest on the perception of differences that are physical and externally visible, and in other cases on differences that are cultural and ideological, no matter how the latter differences are phrased by the participants or perpetrators. — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 700

Categorization

  • QUESTION: Gordon here seems to flatten race into ethnicity by refusing a hard conceptual line between visible and cultural difference — worth checking the full 1988 context to see if this is the claim Solomos treats as the ‘maxim.’
  • XREF: connects to: A conflict’s perception as civilizational determines whether it becomes one. — Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the…, 684; Emphasizing essential cultural difference feeds the clash-of-civilizations frame — Deepa Kumar, Islamophobia and the Politics of…, 256; Both sides in fault line wars benefit from redefining local conflict as civilizational — Samuel P. Huntington, The Clash of Civilizations and the…, 750 (+6 more)

Broader Connections