Canon law held beating-forced baptism valid but kidnapping invalid

Evidence

Muslims who became Christian and relapsed were pardonable only if they had been dragged bodily to what would then have been an invalid baptism; if they had only been forced by, for example, beating, the baptism was valid. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 665

Categorization

• DEFINE: Reveals the casuistic threshold canonists drew between coercive force that voids and mundane duress that validates a sacrament — counterintuitive because physical beating is the more obvious coercion.