By 1967 Marcuse’s practical advice had converged with Habermas’s reformist position.

Evidence

In his second lecture, The Problem of Violence in the Opposition', he described the pursuit of confrontation for confrontation's sake as irresponsible, emphasized the necessity for an elaboration of Critical Theory, and designated the liberation of consciousnessa liberation that would require both discussion and demonstration, the involvement of the whole person’as the priority for the opposition. In terms of the points relevant to his audience’s expectations, therefore, there was practically no difference any more between what Marcuse was saying and what Habermas had said in Hanover. The emotionalism with which Marcuse spoke about the Third World liberation struggle proved to be an evasion of the question of what was to be done in the West. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 2631

Categorization

• XREF: Marcuse converging with Habermas on ‘liberation of consciousness’ resonates with the Frankfurt School’s internal split between critique of instrumental reason and communicative action. — connects to: Marcuse’s Berlin lectures converged with Habermas’s Hanover position — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School: Its History,…, 2631