British retaliation against Somali banditry was collective and disproportionate.

Evidence

Unfortunately, the vicinity around Qalafo was also plagued by the remnants of bandits left behind by the Italian forces. The bandits killed a British lieutenant, for which the colonial administration sought revenge. British retaliation was random and went well beyond proportional measures with massive communal roundups. Captain Fitzpatrick, commanding British officer in Qalafo, who Somalis nicknamed “afar indhood” (the four eyed), had a reputation for cruelty. — Abdi Ismail Samatar, Africa’s First Democrats, 200

Categorization

• DEFINE: “afar indhood” means “the four eyed” in Somali, a nickname for the cruel British captain Fitzpatrick.