British protectorate treaties covered select northern clans and not the Dulbahante

Evidence

The ‘Haber Garhajis’ are an alliance of two separate northern Somali clans, the Habar Yunis and ‘Idagalle. Eastern clans with whom Britain concluded a protectorate treaty were the Haber Tol Ja’lo; the Warsangeli; and the Majerteyn. The Majerteyn eventually fell within the Italian sphere. The Dulbahante clan to the east of what became the British Somalilland Protectorate was not included in the protectorate treaties. — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 742 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

But having already expended large sums of money totally out of proportion to their limited interest in the Somali coast, the British government decided that before any further military operations were undertaken a new appraisal of the whole situation was necessary. A fresh opinion, it was felt, was called for; and to supply this General Sir Reginald Wingate, Governor-General of the Sudan, was appointed to visit Somaliland to assess the situation and if possible to treat directly with Sayyid Muhammad. In this latter respect the Wingate mission was singularly unsuccessful, and having considered its report, which was never published, the British government decided to cut its losses and embark upon a new policy of coastal concentration. In 1910, accordingly, the Administration withdrew to the coast evacuating the interior – little of which was in any case under stable civil rule – and arming the Isaq clans – the ‘friendlies’ as they were called – thus leaving them to protect themselves against the Dervishes. … That the Dulbahante were left utterly unprotected was considered justified in view of the fact that they had no treaty with the British. This, however, had not prevented Britain in the past from regarding the Dulbahante as part of the Somaliland Protectorate when it was convenient to do so. — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 226 (#expands, via linked claim)

A notable attempt had at least been made to secure Ethiopian goodwill, and Ethiopian recognition had been obtained for the British Somaliland Protectorate within frontiers which were still consistent with the requirements of the trade to Aden. That this had been achieved at the price of unilaterally abandoning protectorate treaties with Somali clansmen, was, of course, unfortunate, but whatever misgivings Rodd himself may have had were reassured when an interview with Lord Salisbury revealed that the Foreign Minister was ‘not much preoccupied by Abyssinian encroachments in Somaliland’. — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 190 (#expands, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: British protectorate treaties covered specific northern Somali clans but not the Dulbahante.; Britain’s Somaliland protectorate treaties excluded the Dulbahante clan. — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 742; British imperial strategy traded Somali protectorate treaties for trade access to Aden — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 190 (+1 more)

Related

• British protectorate treaties covered specific northern Somali clans but not the Dulbahante. (similarity 0.96)
• Britain’s Somaliland protectorate treaties excluded the Dulbahante clan. (similarity 0.94)
• Britain withdrew to the coast in 1910, arming allied clans and abandoning the Dulbahante (similarity 0.89)
• Somali clans readily accepted British protection as Egypt withdrew (similarity 0.83)
• British withdrawal into coastal forts unleashed clan feuds and mass starvation. (similarity 0.81)
• British imperial strategy traded Somali protectorate treaties for trade access to Aden (similarity 0.81)
• Somali chiefs read protection treaties as ordinary clan alliances, not as surrenders of sovereignty. (similarity 0.81)
• Italy acquired its Somali protectorates through private treaties with clan sultans (similarity 0.80)
• Britain in 1897 nearly abandoned its Somaliland protectorate (similarity 0.80)
• Menelik’s 1891 circular asserted Ethiopian sovereignty over Somali clans (similarity 0.79)
• Britain’s Somaliland involvement was purely a meat-provisioning auxiliary to Aden’s garrison (similarity 0.78)

Broader Connections

• Britain’s Somaliland protectorate treaties excluded the Dulbahante clan. #corroborates (0.95) — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 742
• Britain withdrew to the coast in 1910, arming allied clans and abandoning the Dulbahante #expands (0.60) — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 226
• British imperial strategy traded Somali protectorate treaties for trade access to Aden #expands (0.50) — I.M. Lewis, I. M. Lewis, A Modern History of the Somali_ Nation…, 190