British bombardment of Alexandria crushed the Urabi revolt and ended Egyptian self-rule in 1882

Evidence

By the end of May 1882, British naval forces had arrived in the Mediterranean and had trained their guns on the port city of Alexandria. In June, the gunboats bombarded Alexandria, provoking riots and causing great destruction and loss of life. As rumors of the massacres of Europeans in Alexandria reached the British, the British commander acted to put down what seemed a bloodthirsty, terrorist rebellion. Over the next three months, Uräbï and his officers struggled to maintain order against the encroaching British forces and the machinations of the khedive, but all came to nothing in the fall of 1882, when the British navy occupied Alexandria, moved into Cairo, and arrested Uräbï Pasha and his men. By the end of the year, Britain had occupied Egypt.With a haste just as ruthless, the Mahdï was circling the city of Khartoum, and in early 1883, he had control of almost all the Sudanese territory once held by the Egyptian government. — Eve M. Troutt Powell, A Different Shade of Colonialism_…, 304

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to broader literature on British ‘protective’ occupations and informal empire — matches reader’s goal of contrasting Egyptian (direct occupation) vs Sudanese (indirect) colonial methods.