Born-black-in-redlined-area cuts annual earnings by fifteen thousand dollars

Evidence

Being born into neighborhoods that were previously redlined by the federal government decreases a black child’s future annual earnings by $15,000. In addition, today’s home values are based on the percentage of black homeowners in the neighborhood. The smaller the percentage, with zero being the optimal number, the higher the home value. The high property values associated with white neighborhoods benefit their white residents today with additional net worth, equity that has been denied to black Americans. — Dorothy A. Brown, Getting to Reparations, 440

Categorization

• QUESTION: Which study produced the $15,000 annual earnings figure and how is it identified causally versus correlated?