Bone conduction likely contributes substantially to occluded-ear loudness

Evidence

A major caveat to these conclusions is that KEMAR was not designed to realistically simulate the effects of bone-conducted sound, which likely plays a major role in listening in a sound field with an occluded ear. While probe microphones in the ear canal might more accurately record the stimulation at the tympanic membrane, they would still not capture the stimulation occurring at the cochlea. — Dijk, Pim van, Physiology, Psychoacoustics and…, 1525

Categorization

• QUESTION: The interplay of air conduction attenuation with bone conduction in occlusion under-determines these conclusions.