Black South Africans converted missionary uplift theology into liberation struggle convictions.

Evidence

As the new century opened, those increasingly formally marked as black were torn asunder between the warrings among political theologies, the wars of world-views and ways of being. They too were bound by messianic legacies of their own imaginary making, visions of driving devil figures into the sea in the urge to be left alone in a land being taken from under their feet. … This was a political theology striving to exit from bondage by hard labor and the promise of liberty, Zion as the delivery from slavery, a liberation if not for quite some time to come yet. The commitment to uplift through effort, ultimately blocked through emerging and institutionalizing apartheid, became fused quite quickly with the quest for a sort of salvation, of deliverance from bondage, the messages of mission and messianism finding their resolution in the convictions of struggle. — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1493

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to my South African history knowledge and the general theme of colonized peoples reworking missionary Christianity into liberation ideology.