Black Codes directly continued the slave codes’ function of racial control.

Evidence

In the years that followed the Civil War, white Southerners employed a wide range of weapons—legal and extralegal—to restore their control over rebellious Black people and return them to “their place.” Southern states swiftly reinvented their tools for racial control and enacted “Black Codes” that were akin to the old slave codes. As expressed by one Alabama planter: “We have the power to pass stringent police laws to govern the negroes—This is a blessing—For they must be controlled in some way or white people cannot live amongst them.” — Nikole Hannah-Jones et al., The 1619 Project, 383

Categorization

• XREF: The Alabama planter quote evidences the ‘deviation vs design’ framing reader is tracking: legal tools were reinvented, not abandoned.