Black boys are overclassified as disabled and underplaced in advanced courses.

Evidence

As Pedro Noguera (2008) notes, “Black boys are more likely to be classified as mentally retarded or suffering from a learning disability and placed in special education and more likely to be absent from Advanced Placement and honors courses” (p. 18). As we will expand upon in the next chapters, in the case of black children, race and socio-economic status has more bearing on academic achievement than gender. — Rebecca A. Martusewicz, Jeff Edmundson, and John Lupinacci, EcoJustice Education, 758

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to eco-justice/environmental-racism course thread on how institutional classification reproduces hierarchy.