Betrayals by British Left and Comintern drove Black radicals inward to their own tradition.

Evidence

And while revolutionary movements of grandeur, scale, and vision could be seen emerging among “backward” peoples in India, Ceylon, China, and Africa, while even the Japanese ruling classes were mounting a massive territorial empire and the Soviets rationalizing one, the Left in Britain displayed characteristic factionalism, ideological “toadyism,” and a politics dishonorably distant from the working classes and their struggles. Abandoned, as Padmore believed, by their most powerful ally, the world Communist movement, thoroughly disgusted with the duplicity of imperial policy, they turned toward the Black radical tradition. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 1261

Categorization

• XREF: Directly serves the reader’s core question about the Black radical tradition’s causal rise, building on earlier chapters’ account of how Black intellectuals came to distrust European Marxist orthodoxy.