Atlantic City’s rebuff turned SNCC youths toward Black nationalist self-determination.

Evidence

Malcolm X’s empowerment philosophy of Black national and international unity, self-determination, self-defense, and cultural pride started to sound like music to the ears of the SNCC youths. — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 982

Categorization

• XREF: Strong link to the reader’s assimilationist/antiracist framework: SNCC’s shift from moral persuasion (assimilationist appeal to good whites) to self-determination (antiracist) is a live illustration.