Aristotle defined hatred as targeting classes while anger targets individuals

Evidence

Aristotle counterposes hatred (misein)-if not enmity, which is no longer mentioned-and anger, which “has always an individual as its object, for instance Callias or Socrates, whereas hatred applies to classes; for instance, everyone hates a thief or informer” 41. — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab, 1012

In the Rhetoric, Aristotle considers “enmity and hatred” and suggest that they address a collective. Aristotle counterposes hatred (misein)-if not enmity, which is no longer mentioned-and anger, which “has always an individual as its object, for instance Callias or Socrates, whereas hatred applies to classes; for instance, everyone hates a thief or informer” 41. — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab, 1011

Categorization

• DEFINE: Clarifies the ancient distinction between anger (individual) and hatred (collective/class-directed) that underwrites later political theorizing about the enemy.
• corroborated: 3 independent passages support this claim — Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab: A History of the…, 1012; Gil Anidjar, The Jew, the Arab: A History of the…, 1011