Aragonese royal law subjugated Muslims with no theological justification at all.

Evidence

It takes up the three points addressed in Lerida (inheritance rights of converts, fines for those who insult them, the obligation to listen to the sermons of missionary preachers), then adds sections on inheritance rights of Jews and Muslims, on their rights to buy and sell property, and on the problem of runaway Muslim slaves. In none of this, however, is there any sense of a need to justify or rationalize the place of subject Muslims in Jaume’s kingdom. In these laws, as in the countless submission treaties contracted with the Muslim communities of his realms, the royal authority of the conquering king over his conquered Muslim subjects is invoked without any recourse to theological underpinnings. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 924

Categorization

• XREF: Contrasts with ecclesiastical justifications of crusade and holy war found elsewhere in Saracens; also parallels modern colonial administration that rules without ideological grounding.