Apartheid treated race as overdetermining while Latin America treated it as merely qualifying.

Evidence

In South Africa, under the boot of apartheid, by contrast, “nature” was taken largely to preclude the possibility of indigenous African modernization. Race, in short, became overdetermining in the latter case, while qualifying in the former. — David Theo Goldberg, The Threat of Race, 1122

Categorization

• XREF: Contrast between apartheid’s fixed racial nature and Latin American racial fluidity mirrors Goldberg’s broader comparative project.