Anti-Shari’a bills converted private Islamophobia into state structural policy

Evidence

Fear of Shari‘a law proliferated again in 2011, resulting in a series of bills being introduced in states across the country. Capitalizing on the intense Islamophobia spurred by debate over a possible Muslim community center near Ground Zero, the congressional hearings on “Islamic radicalization” called by Representative Peter King, and the extended war on terror, a number of states introduced legislation that sought to ban Shari‘a law. The proposed bills were not standalone or isolated, but part of a broader movement driven by a partnership between conservative think tanks and politicians, which looked to convert the private Islamophobia saturating the country into structural policies adopted on the state level. The movement to ban Shari‘a law, debated within and carried forward by state legislatures, illustrates how structural Islamophobia also unfolds beyond the federal level and within state governments. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 306

Categorization

• XREF: This is the reverse direction of the dialectic — private bias being converted BACK into structural policy; complements the federal-to-private flow in paragraph 291. — connects to: State policies authorizing suspicion are the cornerstone of dialectical Islamophobia — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 136; Anti-Shari’a state laws use neutral wording to target Muslims specifically. — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 309; Funded think tanks drafted template anti-Sharia laws making belief a felony — Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Global…, 622 (+20 more)
• DEFINE: Shows the dialectic operating in both directions across federal and state levels.
• corroborated: 2 independent passages support this claim — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 306

Broader Connections

• Forty-seven anti-Shari’a bills appeared in twenty-one states by June 2011 #exemplifies (0.90) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 308
• Anti-Shari’a state laws use neutral wording to target Muslims specifically. #expands (0.85) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 309
• State policies authorizing suspicion are the cornerstone of dialectical Islamophobia #corroborates (0.80) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 136
• Funded think tanks drafted template anti-Sharia laws making belief a felony #expands (0.80) — Arsalan Iftikhar, Fear of a Muslim Planet_ Global…, 622
• Islamophobia is transmitted through state-polity dialogue via law and rhetoric #corroborates (0.80) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 83
• Reducing Islamophobia to private bigotry ignores state-enforced discrimination #corroborates (0.75) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 122
• State-sponsored Islamophobia enforces the presumption linking Muslims to terrorism. #expands (0.70)
• Structural Islamophobia operates through laws and policies that presume Muslims threaten national security #expands (0.70) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 123
• State rhetoric authorizes ordinary people to persecute Muslims #corroborates (0.70) — Khaled A. Beydoun, The New Crusades_ Islamophobia and the…, 342
• Islamophobic campaign rhetoric is traded for votes and converted into policy #expands (0.60) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 57
• State-perpetuated fear racializes Muslim bodies as terrorist enemies #expands (0.60)
• Private media Islamophobia extends rather than deviates from state structural Islamophobia #qualifies (0.50) — Khaled A. Beydoun, American Islamophobia_ Understanding…, 375
• The state perpetuates Islam-violence associations to justify expanding its authority #complicates (0.40)