Anti-Catholicism predated and is not identical to racial nativism

Evidence

By far the oldest and—in early America—the most powerful of the anti-foreign traditions came out of the shock of the Reformation. Protestant hatred of Rome played so large a part in pre-Civil War nativist thinking that historians have sometimes regarded nativism and anti-Catholicism as more or less synonymous.’ ‘This _ identification, by oversimplifying two complex ideas, does little justice to either. Many social and religious factors, some of them nativistic only in a very indirect sense, have contributed powerfully to anti-Catholic feeling. — John Higham, Strangers in the Land, 31

Categorization

• XREF: Directly serves reader’s hypothesis that racialization is a transitional form the enemy category passes through — religious nativism came first. — connects to: Racial nativism supplanted anti-Catholicism because it fit the new immigrant threat — John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of…, 567; Anti-Catholic nativism peaked after mass Catholic immigration, not before it — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim: When Racism Quashes…, 287; Anti-Catholic nativism decayed as intellectuals found race a more respectable enemy frame. — John Higham, Strangers in the Land: Patterns of…, 567 (+4 more)

Broader Connections

• Claims about religious disloyalty became claims of racial inferiority #complicates (0.85) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 323
• Racial nativism supplanted anti-Catholicism because it fit the new immigrant threat #qualifies (0.80) — John Higham, Strangers in the Land, 567
• Anti-Catholic nativism decayed as intellectuals found race a more respectable enemy frame. #expands (0.80) — John Higham, Strangers in the Land, 567
• Anti-Catholic nativism peaked after mass Catholic immigration, not before it #expands (0.75) — Sahar F. Aziz, The Racial Muslim, 287