American occupation dismantled Cuba’s majority-Black Liberation Army

Evidence

In Cuba, the social and political bases for the Black petit bourgeois intelligentsia was undermined largely by the contradictions introduced by the revolutionary war against Spain at the end of the nineteenth century. The American military co-opted the revolution into the Spanish-American War. And during the American military occupation of Cuba, which began in 1898, the Ejercito Libertador (Liberation Army), three-quarters of which consisted of Black Cubans, was destroyed. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 2129