Alleged Islamic influence on adoptionism was really Spanish anti-papal independence

Evidence

There has been much speculation on the supposed Islamic influences on the socalled heresy of adoptionism in eighth-century Spain. Historians have been too quick to accept at face value the accusations of Islamic influence leveled by the enemies (notably Alcuin) of the adoptionist Spanish churchmen. The main issues in fact seem to have been Spanish efforts to assert their traditional independence against papal hegemony, as McWilliam shows (J. — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1606 (#corroborates, via linked claim)

Categorization

• XREF: connects to: Papal crusade indulgences were extended to Iberian conquests against Muslims; Reconquest ideology framed Muslim Spain as illegitimate rebellion against Roman rule; Adoptionism was about Spanish autonomy, not Islamic influence — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1606

Broader Connections

• Adoptionism was about Spanish autonomy, not Islamic influence #corroborates (0.98) — John V. Tolan, Saracens, 1606