Alleged Colombian black mobilization remained regionally and church-driven, not racially unified.

Evidence

Much of the evidence that Wade offers to support his claim that there has recently emerged a more assertive antiracist movement grounded in black identities is unpersuasive. For example, he notes that “the present politicization relies heavily on a regional” rather than a racial “focus” (Wade, 1993:355). He adds that “much of the recent organization has been promoted by the Church,” and that many of the black activists acknowledged that there were a number of ” ‘black’ people who refused to admit it and mulattos who wanted to reject their black heritage” (p. 355). — David Theo Goldberg, John Solomos, A Companion to Racial and Ethnic Studies, 3647