Aleatoric music emerged from serialism by admitting chance into composition and performance

Evidence

In Darmstadt in 1957, two of the most resolute supporters of serial music, Karlheinz Stockhausen and Pierre Boulez, marked the beginning of a new phase in contemporary music: Stockhausen with his new Piece for Piano XI, and Boulez with a lecture entitled Alea' (dice’). The new phase was called aleatoric music. Aleatorics signified involving chance elements in both composition and interpretation: for example, certain parts of a composition could be interchangeable, or parts which the composer had only recorded in sketch form could be open to free interpretation in performance. Aleatorics involved elements of Dadaism and Zen Buddhism, introduced mainly by John Cage and Mauricio Kagel. — Rolf Wiggershaus, The Frankfurt School, 541

Categorization

• XREF: Links to Cage and Kagel as conduits of Dadaist and Zen elements into European serialism.