Agency denial to harmful agents holds across a second, non-mind-based operationalization.

Evidence

Paralleling the results with the cognitive agency traits there was a significant main effect of agent condition on the activity agency index, F(2,92) = 8.06, p < .001, η2p = .149. Consistent with a dehumanization effect, John was attributed lower levels of agency in the harmful agent condition than in the benevolent agent condition, p < .001, and marginally lower levels of agency than in the neutral agent condition, p = .097, with the highest levels of agency in the benevolent agent condition (see Figure 2 for means and SDs). — Mansur Khamitov, Jeff D. Rotman, and Jared Piazza, Perceiving the Agency of Harmful Agents, 333

Categorization

• DEFINE: Operationalizes agency beyond mind perception as activity/tenacity traits (tenacious, willful, potent, vigorous, active, energetic), widening what ‘denied agency’ means and strengthening the reader’s mechanism framing.