African slave labor filled nearly every economic role across Spanish America.

Evidence

In economic terms, however, theirs was the first phase that would lead ultimately to the placement of Africans in the Indies, Nueva Espana, Peru, Columbia, Chile, Venezuela, Argentina, and Uruguay as domestics; growers of sugar, wheat, grapes, olives, cacao; miners of gold and silver; craft workers (blacksmiths, cobblers, brick masons, carpenters, tailors); teamsters; cowboys; pearl divers; and prostitutes. — Cedric J. Robinson, Black Marxism_ The Making of the Black…, 641