African American Muslim anti-imperialism resists both American nationalism and unified immigrant Muslim community

Evidence

15 Scholars have pointed to the important connections between anticolonial struggles and the African diaspora to argue that, in these linkages, African Americans developed opposition to American foreign policy. For the Nation of Islam, this appeared as an anti–American critique of the Cold War (Von Eschen 1997, 174), and for African American Muslims, this anti-imperial resistance led to transnational exchanges with Arab Muslims through a rejection of American nationalism (Curtis 2007). Contemporary American Islam is also fraught with clashes and conflicts between and within immigrant Islam, as represented demographically by South Asian Americans and Arab Americans, and African American Islam, which challenges the possibility of a unified Muslim American umma, or community of believers (Jackson 2005). — Junaid Rana, Terrifying Muslims, 920

Categorization

• XREF: Connects to the deeper theme of diaspora identity and resistance elsewhere in this reading list — the tension between immigrant and indigenous Muslim communities parallels the stratification tensions raised in the slavery chapter.