Accurate knowledge of Islam circulated wherever Latin States stood, not in ignorance

Evidence

Some serious works, and some authors who knew better, repeated allegations of this sort. In Spain, accurate information was never lacking, and, in Palestine, it was not lacking for long, after the establishment of the Latin States; it began to circulate increasingly freely in the course of the Spanish Reconquest and, in Syria, after the beginnings of failure. — Norman Daniel, Islam and the West, 1754

Categorization

• XREF: Complicates the notion that Western misrepresentation of Islam flowed from simple ignorance; accuracy tracked political and military circumstances — relevant to how Aziz/Razack frame the persistence of constructed images.