Academic critiques of professional practice fail because their authors never faced that practice

Evidence

Traditionally universities have provided strategic sanctuary for some of the most important dissenters from contemporary practice, but they have often been rendered ineffective because their lessons come from the ivy tower rather than from the streets. This is particularly regretable because such teachers may inspire young professionals to go into their work without experiencing the dilemmas of practice or helping to prepare the environment into which students insert themselves. — Michael Lipsky, Street-Level Bureaucracy, 1507