A single mass movement can embody both racist and antiracist beliefs simultaneously
Evidence
At the end of that volcanic summer, the vast majority of African Americans were supportive of the doubly conscious Million Man March, doubly conscious of racist and antiracist ideas. Arguably, its most pervasively popular organizing principle was personal responsibility, the call for Black men to take more personal responsibility for their lives, their families, their neighborhoods, and their Black nation. Many of the roughly 1 million Black men who showed up on the National Mall on October 16, 1995, showed up believing the racist idea that something was wrong with Black men and Black teens and Black boys and Black fathers and Black husbands. But many of those marchers who stood there and listened to the fifty speakers also believed the antiracist idea that there was something wrong with rampant discrimination. — Ibram X. Kendi, Stamped from the Beginning, 1151
Categorization
- XREF: This is the clearest concrete test of Kendi’s three-way scheme applied to a real event — the Million Man March as ‘doubly conscious,’ holding both segregationist/assimilationist personal-responsibility framing and antiracist discrimination framing. Directly serves the reader’s goal of placing arguments into segregationist/assimilationist/antiracist.
- DEFINE: Defines ‘doubly conscious’ as the coexistence of racist and antiracist ideas within one movement or person — a key tool for the reader’s analytical placement.